In a three-dimensional imaging method and system using scanning-type coherent diffraction, a two-dimensional light detector detects a plurality of two-dimensional diffraction data distributions created by the diffraction of a coherent beam emitted from a light source in a scanning manner toward a single face of a sample to be tested; and a processor converts the two-dimensional diffraction data distributions into multiple three-dimensional intensity distributions in the reciprocal space, performs multiple iterations based on the sample function, the light source function and the three-dimensional intensity distributions to obtain the phase-retrieval sample function, and executes the three-dimensional graphing application based on the phase-retrieval sample function to generates a three-dimensional reconstruction image of the sample to be tested, thereby realizing relatively easy, time-saving, and minimal light damage to the sample. |