An image sparse edge encoding and decoding method is implemented by a computer device, and the computer device stores an original image, the original image includes a plurality of pieces of pixel information, and each pixel information has a pixel value and a pixel position. The computer device performs encoding according to the pixel information and a mask weight matrix to obtain multiple image charges correspond to the pixel information respectively to improve the sparseness. The mask weight matrix is a square matrix, and the sum of all elements is zero. The computer device uses an algorithm related to solving a sparse linear system to obtain multiple steady-state solutions according to the image charges and the mask weight matrix. The computer device obtains a plurality of pieces of decoded pixel information according to the priority order of the image charge intensity, so as to obtain a reconstructed image with extremely high precision according to the decoded pixel information. |